文档介绍：第五章昆虫的习性与行为Habits and Behavior
一、昼夜节律与季节性 circadian and seasonal rhythm
Diurnal Insects日出性昆虫:蝴蝶
Nocturnal Insects夜出性昆虫:蛾子
Crepuscular Insects弱光性昆虫:摇蚊
二、食性feeding habits
1、植食性phytophagy, 草食性herbivory
Phytophagous insects feed on primary producers, the algae and higher plants.
多食性polyphagy:generalists that feed on many plant
舞毒蛾可以吃485种植物
寡食性oligophagy:feed on few plant
单食性monophagy:feed on one plant taxon. 只取食一、二种植物
2、肉食性carnivorous
Prey - predators 螳螂捕蝉
寄生者parasites
parasitoids 类寄生
Ectoparasitoids外寄生
endoparasitoids内寄生
单寄生、聚寄生
原寄生、重寄生
3、腐食性Saprophagous
An eater of anisms.
尸食性
粪食性
4、杂食性 omnivorous insects
动植物材料均可取食
5、蜡食性wax-eating insects:大蜡螟
6、菌食性Fungivorous Insects
Some larvae of grain moth and geometers一些谷蛾、尺蛾等
Leaf-cutter ants
三、非随意应激性Kinesis和趋性Taxis
The integration of multiple reflexes associated with movement of insect may be divisible into: kinesis (pl. kineses) and taxis (pl. taxes).
(一)非随意应激性kinesis (pl. kineses): in which unorientated action varies according to stimulus intensity.
Kineses included akinesis, unstimulated lack of movement, orthokinesis, in which speed depends upon stimulus intensity, and klinokinesis, which is a ‘random walk’ with course changes (turns) being made when unfavourable stimuli are perceived and with the frequency of turns depending on the intensity of the stimulus. 无变应激性、正态应激性、偏态应激性
(二)趋性Taxis (pl. taxes): An orientated movement of anism.
Taxes can be divided into positive taxis and negative taxis by the movement being directly towards or away from the 、负趋性
1、趋光性phototaxis (light)
飞蛾投灯light trapping
黑光灯诱虫
蚜虫:黄色光
蝴蝶:橙、红、黄
2、趋化性chemotaxis ( taste and odour)
十字花科(含芥苷):蚜虫、蝶类
Pseudocopulation:The attempted copulation of an insect with a flower.
甜味(糖醋液):A sweet fermenting mixture of alcohol plus brown sugar or molasses can be used as baits to lure night-flying insects, a method termed ‘sugaring’.
.腐臭味
性信息激素(性诱剂Pheromone mass trapping)
3、趋湿性Hygrotaxis (moisture)
4、趋流性Rheotaxis (wa