文档介绍：Three separate but interrelated parts:
Classification: the arrangement anisms into groups or taxa based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness.
Nomenclature: the branch of taxonomy concerned with the assignment of names to taxonomic groups in agreement with published rules.
Identification: the practical side of taxonomy, the process of determining that a particular isolate belongs to a recognized taxon.
Chapter9 Microbial taxonomy
Taxonomy is important for several reasons
It allows us anize huge amounts of knowledge anisms
Allows us to make predictions and frame hypotheses for further research based on knowledge of anisms.
It places anisms in meaningful, useful groups with precise names so that microbiologists can work with them municate efficiently.
Identification of anisms accurately
Taxomomic ranks
Strain: one single isolate or line
Type: sub-set of species
Species: related strains
Genus: related species
Family: related genera
Order; class; phylum; domain
Related concepts
A species: a collection of strains that have a similar G+posotion and 70% or greater similarity as judged by DNA hybridization experiments.
A biovars: variant procaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences.
Morphovars: differ morphologically
Serovars: have distinctive antigenic properties
Type strain: it is usually one of the first strains studied and often is more fully characterized than other strains
Classification systems
ic classification: one that anisms together based on the mutual similarity of their phenotypic characteristics.
Comparing as many attributes as possible.
Numerical taxonomy: computers may be used to analyze data for the production of ic classification.
Information about the properties anisms is converted into a form suitable for numerical analysis and pared by means of puter.
ic classification: based on evolutionary relationships rather than general resemblance.
defficult because of the lack of a good fossil record.