文档介绍：天津工业大学硕士学位论文长碳链Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂的合成及性能研究姓名:韩辉申请学位级别:硕士专业:应用化学指导教师:郑帼 20080101 摘要双子型(Gemini)磷酸酯表面活性剂是一种新型的表面活性剂,它由两个亲水基、两个疏水基和一个连接基组成,具有较低的cmc、高的表面活性、良好的水溶性等特点,被人们称为新一代表面活性剂。本文合成了一种长碳链阴离子型 Gemini表面活性剂——十八烷基Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂,并对其性能进行了测试和评价。制备十八烷基Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂由以下三步完成: 第一步:采用相转移催化法,在无水条件下,制备c18烷基缩水甘油醚,产物经减压蒸馏提纯后,%,通过IR对产物结构进行了分析表征,并且对环氧值的测定方法进行了改进。第二步:在金属钾催化条件下,使第一步合成的C18烷基缩水甘油醚发生开环加成反应,再与乙二醇生成Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂的中间体C18烷基低聚二醇,产物经减压蒸馏提纯后,%。第三步:将第二步生成的C18烷基低聚二醇与P205进行磷酸酯酯化反应。%。以KOH为中和剂与该磷酸酯中和成盐,即得到十八烷基Gemini 磷酸酯表面活性剂。对制得的十八烷基Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂进行临界胶团浓度(cmc)、润湿性、泡沫性、乳化型、抗静电性,摩擦因数等性能的测试,并讨论了其结构与性能的关系,通过与其相应的单子型磷酸酯表面活性剂进行性能比较发现, Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂相对于单子型磷酸酯表面活性剂具有较低cmc值、较好的润湿性、乳化性、起泡性、抗静电性及摩擦性能。另外,通过与正癸基、正辛基、十二烷基Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂的性能比较,结果发现,十八烷基 Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂具有更好的泡沫稳定性,更低的起泡性,并能赋予纤维更好的平滑性等特点。关键词:十八烷基Gemini磷酸酯表面活性剂;环氧值;抗静电性;摩擦性能 Abstract Gemini phosphate suffactants were reputed as anew generation ofsurfactants. As aspecial structure with two hydrophilic head groups andtwo hydrophobic groups, they have some especial physical and chemical characteristics suchas lOW clnc、high surface activities and water thisPaper,a new anion Gemini surfactants-- C alkyl Gemini phosphate surfactants were synthesized’their structures were determined and theproperties were studied. The Ctsalkyl Gemini phosphate surfactants was synthesized by threesteps: The firststep,use the method ofPhase Transfer Catalytic,in the condition of anhydrous,synthesizing C16~lsalkyl glyceryl ofreaction mixture wasperformed by reduced pressure andtheproductivity Was %.By analyzing the IRaimproduct,the structure Was addition,ameliorated the conven- tionalway ofmeasuring totheepoxy value. 111e second step,the C lsalkyIdigomeric glycol—intermediate product ofgemini phosphate surfactant was prepared by opening ring reaction ofClotsaU哕l glycide etherwi也glycol inthepresence ofpotassium as ofreaction mixture Wasperformed byreduced pressure and theproductivi