文档介绍：河北师范大学
硕士学位论文
微纳米结构铁氧化物的设计、制备和磁性能研究
姓名:郭小方
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:凝聚态物理
指导教师:孙会元
20100406
摘要
铁氧化物作为一种无毒、无污染的绿色环保材料,在许多领域有着重要的应用。
近年来,人们为了得到不同形状和性能的铁氧化物材料,发展了多种制备方法。本文
利用草酸辅助法对在玻璃基底上利用磁控溅射制备的择优取向的纳米级铁膜进行热
处理得到了奇异的铁氧化物纳米材料,并对其微观结构、生长机制和磁性能与制备条
件的关系作了较为系统的研究。主要结果如下:
在具有(110)择优取向的纳米级铁膜上滴加草酸,然后在大气中直接进行热处理,
制备了多面体、片状、花状结构的铁氧化物材料。当温度低于 300℃反应时,不易形
成铁的氧化物;300-400℃时主要是 Fe3O4;高于 500℃时产物为α-Fe2O3。采用浸润
草酸的方法,反应温度 100-300℃,升温速率为 10℃/min 时,主要形成均匀有序的多
面体结构;反应温度 400-600℃,升温较慢时,片状产物形貌均匀。随着反应温度的
升高,片状产物有变宽的趋势。铁膜越厚,越容易形成纵横比较大的棒状产物。
利用扫描探针显微镜的液态模式,分别对滴加草酸和只滴加蒸馏水未经
热处理样品的形貌进行了测试,发现铁膜表面的初始形貌明显不同。只滴加蒸馏水的
样品表面形成的主要是球形颗粒;而滴加草酸的铁膜表面形成的颗粒具有近菱形截
面。因此证实了草酸在菱形截面多面体的形成中起着重要作用。认为低温下多面体和
花状结构的形成为“成核——生长——聚集——自组装”过程,高温下片(丝)状产物
的形成则遵循“扩散机制”。
对材料的磁性进行研究后发现,随着反应温度的升高,矫顽力先增加后减小,在
300℃时出现极大值;而饱和磁化强度则逐渐减小。平行膜面方向为易磁化方向。
关键词:微纳米结构表面形貌生长机理磁学性能

III
Abstract
As one of the green materials and environment-friendly materials, iron oxide is
nontoxic and unpolluted. It is important in varies of fields. In recent years, many new
techniques have been developed in order to synthesize iron oxide with different shapes and
properties. In this study, fantastic submicron and nano-structured iron oxide has been
synthesized through thermal treatment of the iron film assisted by oxalic acid. The iron
film is (110) preferential prepared on glass substrate by ron sputtering. The
experimental conditions leading to different morphologies and the possible growth
mechanisms as well as the ic properties have been investigated in detail. The main
results are listed as follows:
Firstly, oxalic acid was dropped on the surface of iron nano film. After thermal
treatment at temperatures between 100℃ and 600℃ under ambient conditions, micro- and
nano-structured iron oxide with different morphologies, such as polyhedron, blade-like and
ball-flower, were obtained. Iron oxide is hard to form under 300℃; Fe3O4 is formed
between 300℃ and 400℃; α-Fe2O3 is p