文档介绍：1ThePhysical Basis
of NMR Spectroscopy
Introduction
In 1946 two research groups, that of F. Bloch, . Hansen
and M. E. Packard and that of , H.
. Pound, independently observed nuclear ic reso-
nance signals for the first time. Bloch and Purcell were jointly
awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952 for their discovery.
Since then nuclear ic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
has developed into an indispensable tool for chemists, bio-
chemists, physicists, and more recently medical scientists.
During the first three decades of NMR spectroscopy all measure-
ments relied on one-dimensional modes of observation; this
gives spectra having just one frequency axis, the second axis
being used to display the signal intensities. The development of
two-dimensional NMR experiments during the 1970s heralded
the start of a new era in NMR spectroscopy. Spectra recorded
by these methods have two frequency axes, the intensities
being displayed in the third dimension. More recently it has
even e possible to perform experiments with three or
more dimensions, although these are still far from being routine
techniques. The importance of the position that NMR spec-
troscopy now occupies is illustrated by the awards of the
Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1991 to R. R. Ernst and in 2002
to K. Wu¨thrich, and of the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2003
to P. Lauterbur and P. Mansfield for their pioneering research
on NMR methods in chemistry, biochemistry and medicine.
The new techniques that have emerged during the last few
years show that developments in NMR spectroscopy are still
far ing to an end.
This book aims to explain why it is that, for chemists espe-
cially, NMR spectroscopy has e (possibly) the most
important of all spectroscopic methods.
The main field of application of NMR spectroscopy is that of
determining the structures of molecules. The necessary infor-
mation for this is obtained by measuring, analyzing and inter-