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准晶晶体质料研究
尹显富
内容提要：准晶体结构自1984年被报道以来，因其与传统晶体周期性不相容的特殊结构，引起各国粹者的极大兴趣。瞄准晶质料性能及应用研究结果表明，准晶质料因奇特的结构而具有奇特的性能，但由于质料科学迅猛生长，新质料层出不穷，而准晶质料所具有的一些优异的性能， 能满足一些实际应用中传统质料所不能满足的要求。因此，了解其生长历程、掌握其理论基础、研究现状及其生长前景，对付研究开发能应用于实际生活、生产的准晶材料有着重要意义，这是本题的主要内容。
要害词：准晶质料 物理性质 性能 准晶结构
The physical properties of quasicrystalline materials and research progress
YinXianfu
Abstract: Quasi-crystal structure has been reported since 1984, because of its incompatibility with traditional periodic special crystal structure, causing great interest scholars from different countries. Alignment of crystal material properties and applied research results show that because of the unique quasi-crystalline structure of materials with unique properties, but because of the rapid development of materials science, new materials emerging, while the quasi-crystalline material with some of the excellent performance, to meet some practical applications of traditional materials can not meet the requirements. Therefore, understanding the development process, to grasp its theoretical basis, research status and development prospects for the research and development can be applied in real life, the production of quasi-crystalline materials is of great significance, which is the main content for this question.
Keywords: Quasicrystal Physical properties Performance Quasicrystals
目 录
绪论
准晶质料作为一种新兴质料，自从1982年准晶（Quasicrystal）的发明至今，有关什么是晶体的辩说一直没有中断。我们知道，传统的晶体学基于晶体微观结构的周期性，晶体是绝对不会出现5次和高于6次对称轴的。准晶的电子衍射图居然出现了5次对称，只好给这个新生儿起了个“准晶”的名字，具有对称性结构的固体都应该可以称之为晶体,只是其中传统晶体的界说是创建在一阶对称底子上——所谓1-4次对称以及6次对称。准晶则是创建在超对称底子上——所谓5次对称。考虑到光波的复合可以用这两种对称作出表示,那么A crystal is a structure the description of which is much smaller than the structure itself（晶体是一种固体，远程与位置或平移周期性或规律性秩序）也许可以得到更直观的表达[1]。它已体现出许多优异的性能，从发明至今不外二十几年的时间，