文档介绍：会计学
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从句类型 状语从句
在句子中作状语成分的从句叫状语从句。依据其含义，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等状语从句，下面就各种状语从句的疑难问题展开。
Ⅰ. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句通常由下列连词引导：after, before, since, as, when, whenever, while, till, until, once, as soon as, scarcely (hardly)… when (before), no sooner than, immediately (that), directly( that), the moment, the instant (that)等。
1. as, when 和 while 都可以表示主句中动作发生的背景，也可以表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生。因此，在很多情况下这三个连词可以互换使用。例：
example:
as/when/while I was reading a book, he came into my room.
虽然很多情况下可以互换，但while一词用作时间状语从句的连词时， 一般不能与短暂性动词一起使用，因为while在时间概念上表示一段时间，不能表示非持续性动作。因此下列句子中的while应该改为when或as.
Example:
The mother was overjoyed while she found the lost child.
连词when的位置很灵活，下面两句话的意思非常相近，只是英译汉时稍有不同。
Example:
We were driving swiftly on the road when the car broke down.
When we were driving swiftly on the road, the car broke down.
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用在时间状语从句中常见模式是：主句为完成时，而从句为一般过去时。其实这并不是唯一的选择。下面这些时态搭配都是可以的。
Example:
Since her parents died, she has lived a poor life.
I haven’t been to the Great Wall since I have been in Beijing.
Two years had passed since my daughter had married him.
It seems ages since we saw him last.
It has been ages since I felt happy.
, directly, immediately原是修饰连词that与when的副词。现在这三词已单独地引导状语从句，意义相当于as soon as，同时名词词组 the moment, the instant, the minute 也可充当引导状语从句的连词。例：
example:
the moment the meeting is over, I will fly to New York.
She wept aloud immediately she heard the news.
I felt back home the instant I stepped on my homeland.
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sooner…than/ hardly…when/ scarcely…when 可以分别用来强调两个非持续性动作的同时发生。例如：
Example:
I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door bell rang loud enough to wake the dead.
5. 时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，或时间状语从句的主语是不定代词it 时，这时状语从句的主语连词同动词be一起都可以省略。例：
When (you are) in trouble, telephone to me.
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Ⅱ. 原因状语从句
, since, as, now that, seeing (that), considering (that)引导。
because, since, as都是引导原因状语从句的连词，其区别如下，because引导的状语从句既可放在主句之前，也可置于主句之后，但置于主句之后情况居多。它所引导的原因状语从句更强调原因。而由since与as引导的从句则更强调结果，且它们多数情况下放在主句