文档介绍：Index
Symbols Z (the integers), 49
|S| (cardinality of a set S), 49 Zn (integers modulo n), 68
∗
∈(set member), 49 Zn (multiplicative group of Zn), 69
⊆(subset), 49 Qn (quadratic residues modulo n), 70
⊂(proper subset), 49 Qn (quadratic non-residues modulo n), 70
∩(set intersection), 49 Fq (finite field of order q), 81
∗
∪(set union), 49 Fq (multiplicative group of Fq), 81
−(set difference), 49 R[x] (polynomial ring), 78
× (Cartesian product), 49 ∨(inclusive-OR), 213
∅(empty set), 50 ⊕(exclusive-OR), 20
O-notation (big-O), 58 ∧(AND), 213
Ω-notation (big-omega), 59 (addition mod 2n), 263
Θ-notation (big-theta), 59 (subtraction mod 2n), 270
o-notation (little-o), 59 (modified multiplication mod 2n +1), 263
def
= (by definition), 213 ←- (left rotation), 213
,→
Lq[α, c] (subexponential notation), 60 (right rotation), 213
A → B
≤P (polytime reduction), 61 (message transfer), 396
∼(asymptotic equivalence), 134
π(mathematical constant pi), 49 A
Abelian group, 75
Pe (base of natural logarithms), 49
Abstract Syntax Notation One (), 660
Q (sum), 50
(product), 50 Access control, 3
! (factorial), 50 Access control matrix, 387
bc(floor), 49 Access matrix model, 569
de(ceiling), 49 Access structure, 526
φ(Euler phi function), 65, 286 monotone, 527
µ(n) (M¨obius function), 154 Accredited mittee (ASC), 648
lg (base 2 logarithm), 50 Active adversary, 15, 37
ln (natural logarithm), 50 Active attack, 41, 495
[a, b] (interval of integers), 49 Ad hoc security, 43
| (divides relation), 63, 79 Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack, 42
≡(congruence relation), 67, 79 Adaptive chosen-message attack, 433
(much less than), 529 Adaptive chosen-plaintext attack, 41
Addition chains, 621, 633
(much greater than), 170
n Adversary, 13, 495
k (binomial coefficient), 52
a active, 15
p (Legendre symbol), 72
<>(inner product), 118 insider, 496
kxk (length of a vector x), 118 one-time, 496
a←b (assignment operator), 66 permanent, 496
a