文档介绍：Chapter 10
动态与静态
View of Lin Tongji (林同济)
“动词对任何语言来讲,都是重要的,在汉语中尤为突出。展开一篇汉语作品,略与英语作品相较,我们马上可以发觉:前者的动词频率,往往远远超过后者。”
“最堪注意的是汉语并没有把动词的高度频率视为负担。正相反,汉语的发展方向无疑是加强动词的优势。”
eg. Hard pressed by his father, John told the truth in spite of his wife’s warning.
约翰被他老子追急了,也就顾不得老婆的叮嘱,说出了真情实事。
Two Reasons:
1) Lack of prepositions and no particles at all in Chinese.
2) Chronicle style in Chinese vs. Architectural style in English
Chinese language – verb advantage in usage
English language – noun advantage in usage
Dynamic vs. Stative
eg. He is a chain-smoker of cigarettes. (stative)
He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic)
There are white clouds in the blue sky. (stative)
White clouds are floating in the blue sky. (dynamic)
English: noun advantage
high frequency of noun usage
stative narration
Chinese: verb advantage
high frequency of verb usage
dynamic narration
Examples Analysis
In the cities there were strict curfews, empty hotels, abandoned streets and office buildings, looters, trigger-happy patrols, and all the rest. (War and Remembrance, by Herman Wouk)
各处城市都严格实行宵禁,饭店旅社都已人去楼空,大街小巷行人绝迹,办公大楼门可罗雀,歹徒趁火打劫,巡逻队动辄开枪杀人。完全是一派兵荒马乱景象。
Examples Analysis
Eisenhower later recalled, when McArthur felt slighted he was capable of expressing himself in “an explosive denunciation of politics, bad manners, bad judgment, broken promise, arrogance, unconstitutionality, insensitivity, and the way the world had gone to hell. (The Glory and the Dream, by William Manchester)
埃森豪威尔后来回忆往事时说,只要麦克阿瑟感到有人对他不够尊重,就“发起脾气来,破口大骂人家好耍权术,不懂礼貌,乱出主意,出尔反尔,目中无人,违反宪法,神经迟钝,麻木不仁,如今世道真是见鬼”等等。
Examples Analysis
夸奖一回,奉承一回,把老太太的心都说活了。(《红楼梦》)
All their praise and flattery are having some effect on the old lady.
Examples Analysis
当时一个朋友对我说,北京戏最好,你不去见见世面吗?(《社戏》)
A friend told me Beijing had the best opera that seeing it was an experience not to be missed.