文档介绍：Word-Formation
The minor processes
Initialisms
A type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase; an initialism is pronounced letter by letter.
Acronyms
Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of anization or scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters.
Clipping
The process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.
Clipping may be divided into four main types:
a. Back clippings: The deletion may occur at the end of the word.
b. Front clippings: The deletion occurs at the beginning of the word.
c. Front and back clippings: The deletion occurs at both ends of a word.
d. Phrase clippings: This involves the shortening of a phrase.
Blending
Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed bining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.
Back-formation
Back-formation is term used to refer to a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already present in the language.
Words from Proper Names
from the names of scientists
from the names of politicians and statesmen
from the names of places
from trademarks
Reduplication
Reduplication is a minor type of word-formation by which pound word is created by repetition (1) of one word; (2) of two almost words with a change in the vowels; (3 ) of two almost identical words with a change in the initial consonants.
Neoclassical Formation
Neoclassical formation denotes the process by which new words are formed from elements derived from Latin and Greek.