文档介绍：英语语言学概论课程课件
课件名称:意义
制作者:外国语学院鞠玉梅
Chapter 5 Meaning
Purpose of teaching: Make students know what are included in the study of meaning
Focal points of teaching: the meanings of meaning and sense relations
Chapter 5 Meaning
Semantics: the subject concerning the study of meaning / the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular
英文semantics来自希腊语semantikos,意思是siginificant(有意义)。是研究语言意义的科学。
词的意义和句子意义
20世纪60年代以前,语言学家只注重研究词的意义,忽略了句子意义。
Chapter 5 Meaning
1. Meanings of meaning
C. K. Ogden & I. A. Richards 1923 The Meaning of Meaning 22 types of meaning
G. Leech 1974 Semantics 7 types of meaning:
1) conceptual meaning: 概念意义
2) connotative meaning: 内涵意义
3) social meaning:社会意义
Chapter 5 Meaning
4) affective meaning: 感情意义
5) reflected meaning: 反射意义
6) collocative meaning: 搭配意义
7) thematic meaning: 主位意义
Reference指称
Connotation and denotation: 内涵与外延
Human
Politician & statesman
Associative meaning
Thematic meaning, more peripheral (外围的)
Chapter 5 Meaning
2. The referential theory 指称论
The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory.
古希腊哲学家柏拉图认为语言形式是语言中的一个词,语义是它所代表、所指示、所表示的世界上的实体——指称(referent)。比如dog这个词代表了属于这一类的实体。
The most influential linguist Noam Chomsky teaches at MIT.
Chapter 5 Meaning
Problems with this theory: the meaning of desk
There is something behind the concrete thing we can see with our eyes. And that something is abstract, which has no existence in the material world and can only be sensed in our minds. This abstract thing is usually called concept(概念).
Chapter 5 Meaning
The semantic triangle (语义三角)proposed by Ogden and Richards in their The Meaning of Meaning. The relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. It is mediated by concept. See the diagram on page 161.
Richards invented the semantic triangle to demonstrate the relationship between symbols and their referent (Griffen 60). One part of the triangle is the s