文档介绍：武汉科技大学硕士学位论文第1页摘要起重机是现代化大生产中许多工矿企业生产线上必不可少的生产设备。但大部分桥式起重机都奄不同程度的大车跑偏或嘴轨现象。啃轨是指起重机的大车或小车在运行过程中困车轮跑偏而使轮缘与轨道的铡面接触,在运行过程孛产生摩擦,加速轮缘的磨损,导致轮缘磨薄超标甚至整个车轮报废,使车轮过早损坏的现象。这极大的威胁着起重机的安全运行,同时也会增加运行维护费用。因此,探究啃轨现象发生的原因并加以预防和消除具有十分重要的意义。本文研究发现起重机啃轨一般是由于车架或轨道误差,造成起重机车轮不能沿着轨道的中心行走,逐渐走偏而发生啃轨。在实际治理啃轨现象的工作中,一般是以提高车架和车轮的安装精度,校正和消除起重枫_和轨道的缺陷为主要方法。长期以来入们为解决啃轨问题傲了{燹多努力和尝试,但效果不是很理想。本课题提出治理啃轨的新方案是纠正车架相对于轨道的偏斜,力图保证车轮沿着轨道中心线行走。提出起重机运行过程中采用变频纠偏系统。变频纠偏是解决起重机啃轨的可能突破露。变频纠偏将传统酋被动纠偏变为主动纠偏,可以浼是起重机纠偏方法一次全薪尝试。在控制系统上,笔者选择工业控制中常用的PID控制器。在Pm控制器的三个参数整定中,笔者盘创了逐步黄金分割法。这种方法不需要精确数学模型,不需要传递函数,不需要专家经验,方法简单,计算量不大,同时不失结采的准确性。该控制系统的特点在于:纠偏理论新颖、设备简单、价格低廉、运行可靠、操作简单。本系统中所使用的89C52芯片,可以烧写1000次左右,也为以后的软件升级提供了保证。这种弱电和强电靛有效结合,在_工业控制方面是一次有益探索和成功尝试。关键词:起重视,偏斜,啃轨,PID算法,逐步黄金分割,频率控制第1I页武汉科技大学硕士学位论文 Abstract Crane is the necessary equipment inmost industrial andmining enterprises in the modem cranes often run offtherailtrack..Off-tracking of crane might resultinwear of crane railwheels。As thewheel slideagainst thetrack,the contact isanything appears when thewheel and thetrack rub against each may make thewheels wear out quickly,e thinner and thinner,and may make dangerous to run thecrane。And more money will be spent on themaintenance。So isvery important to analyze the reasons ofoff-tracking and toprevent andeliminate off-tracking. The error oftheframe and the track which make the crane notinparallel with the rail track isthe cause ofoff-tracking。Reducing the error istheoftenused method of reducing off- along time inorder tosettling the gnaw railproblem agreat many endeavors andattempts having been done bypeople,but theeffectislimited. The writerthink out acompletely new way tosettling the gnaw way can keep thewheel running along the railcentral line。From thenew point of view putting forward usingfrequency control tocorrect errors control is a possible way todeal with grawing control changes th