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INTRODUCTION TO COGNITIVE MODELS
LARS ANDREASSEN
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1. Introduction
The ambition of the following is to present an outline of the theory of cognitive mod-
els. To begin with I’ll try to give a rough idea of what a cognitive model is, what it
consists of and where the e from, then it’s appropriate with some small
examples of cognitive models (part 2). And since Lakoff asserts that we are to under-
stand categorization and prototype effects as evoked by anization of cognitive
models, we’ll have to touch upon the theory of categorization and prototypes in order
to see what is meant by that assertion (part 3). Finally it’s the intention to dwell upon
some details in a more theoretically elaborated cognitive model, namely that of
anger, a case study provided by Lakoff and Kövecses (part 4).
2. Models - in Short
A cognitive Model is anized whole of generalized experiences of individual,
parable phenomena – objects, actions, and events. Our everyday encounters
with different, parable phenomena gives rise to ideas of what is normal to
come across and experience in our respective environments. These ideas of what is
normal, or typical evoke prototype effects, which preliminary can pared to
stereotypes, role models (paragons), typical events, and so on. We create notions of
persons, of behavior, of objects, of future events, of how things must have happened
in the past. These experiences sort of constitute an experiential horizon which in turn
constitute our everyday reasoning.
The overall idea of cognitive models is then, that they structure our experiences into
complex structured wholes - a sort of (unconscious) conceptual gestalts: an idea
stemming from Metaphors We Live By, where it is said that “[…] multidimensional
structures characterize experiential gestalts, which