文档介绍：Stylistics Lecture four
Deep structure deviation
Deep structure deviation refers to semantic deviation.
It is linguistic effect, which involves something odd in meaning of a linguistic unit, . a word or a phrase.
The notion here is something odd, which essentially means mon practice in literature, de-familiarization.
A term used by the Russian Formalist Viktor Shklovsky to describe the capacity of art to counter the deadening effect of habit and convention by investing the familiar with strangeness and thereby deautomatizing perception.
Defamiliarization is not simply a question of perception; it is the essence of "literariness." Calling attention to its techniques and conventions ("baring the device"), literature exposes its autonomy and artificiality by foregrounding and defamiliarizing its devices.
There are generally four kinds of methods to defamiliarize or foreground one’s language use:
high frequency
by putting an element in a conspicuous/prominent position
by deviation
And deviation itself can be further classified as surface structure deviation and deep structure deviation.
Surface structure deviation:
phonological deviation
lexical deviation
syntactic deviation
graphological deviation
Deep structure deviation may include a number of linguistic phenomena, which are mainly:
contradiction
transference
deception
ambiguity
Contradictio