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烟台大学
硕士学位论文
翼展车厢有限元分析与轻量化设计
姓名：王其光
申请学位级别：硕士
专业：机械制造及其自动化
导教师：吴永根
20070401
了静态方法的局限性，强调从结构的整体考虑问题。通过对骨架进行模态分析，计算出骨架的模态振型与相应的固有频率，通过固有频率与振型从整体上考虑车架的局部强度问题。
改进设计可以使用各种方法，本课题在实际应用中发现，ANSYS软件中自带的优化模块，用搜索可行域、进行循环计算的方法不适用于整个车厢骨架这种构件复杂、尺寸繁多对象的应用。根据该货车车厢骨架的特点，论文提出了几种方案对骨架进行了轻量化设计。一些对强度、刚度影响小的构件，直接进行改进，而一些重要构件则进行了不同工况水平下的多次计算，从中寻求轻量化设计方案。计算结果表明，这种方法切实可行，具有明显效果。通过对车厢骨架结构的分析计算，最后使质量成功下降了。
最后，以车架纵梁和横梁截面尺寸作为设计变量，以车架总体积为设计目标，运用 ANSYS优化模块对车架结构的轻量化设计进行初步的探讨。优化的结果使得骨架自身重量减少，节约了原材料，降低了生产的成本，提高了汽车的燃油经济性，并且有利于环保。
本文的研究说明有限元法和Ansys软件为骨架结构及动力特性的仿真以及轻量化设计提供了良好的基础理论及方法，借助于它们对骨架结构的轻量化设计研究具有非常重要的工程价值。
关键词：翼展式厢式货车；车厢骨架；静态分析；模态分析；轻量化
Abstract
The skeleton of a wingspan van body is one of the most important components for a van. Its weight is about one third of the whole vehicle gross mass. The weight lightening of skeletons is of great importance to reduce the vehicle weight. This dissertation seeks feasible methods for the lightened skeleton of a van body through FEM (finite element method) analysis on the skeleton of a wingspan van's body.
FEA has become one of the most important tools in modern automobile design. Compared with traditional methods, its advantages lie in improving the quality of auto products, reducing the cost of product-developing and production, and increasing the competition of auto products in the market. In order to improve the level of van body designing and guarantee the competition of designed vehicles in the market, we must heighten the FEA technique of the van body to a strategic level.
Van, as a fuel-consuming vehicle, is attached great importance in regards to its fuel-saving level which is directly connected with the energy consumption of our whole country. Due to this great significance, van manufacturers all over the world try their best to lighten the weight of vans. The technique of weight-lightening design has become one of the hot techniques in the re