文档介绍：CHAPTER
1
Introduction
to Molecular
ics and
Genomics
CHAPTER OUTLINE PRINCIPLES
DNA: The ic Material • Inherited traits are affected by genes.
Experimental Proof of the ic
Function of DNA • Genes posed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid
ic Role of DNA in (DNA).
Bacteriophage • DNA replicates to form copies of itself that are identical
DNA Structure: The Double Helix (except for rare mutations).
An Overview of DNA Replication • DNA contains a ic code specifying what types of
enzymes and other proteins are made in cells.
Genes and Proteins
Inborn Errors of Metabolism as a • DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specify
Cause of Hereditary Disease altered proteins that have reduced activity or stability.
Mutant Genes and Defective Proteins
• A mutant enzyme is an “inborn error of metabolism” that
Gene Expression: The Central Dogma blocks one step in a biochemical pathway for the metabolism
Transcription of small molecules.
Translation
The ic Code • Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes.
Mutation • Organisms change ically through generations in the
Protein Folding and Stability process of biological evolution.
Genes and Environment
Evolution: From Genes to Genomes, from
Proteins to Proteomes
The Molecular Unity of Life CONNECTIONS
Natural Selection and Diversity
Shear Madness
Alfred D. Hershey and Martha Chase 1952
Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth
of Bacteriophage
The Black Urine Disease
Archibald E. Garrod 1908
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
1
ach species of anism has a terms of the abstract rules by which heredi-
unique set of inherited characteristics tary elements (he called them “factors”) are
that makes it different from other transmitted from parents to offspring. His
Especies. Each species has its own develop- objects of study were garden peas, with
mental plan—often described as a sort