文档介绍：便携式火车轮磨损检测仪
摘 要
车轮作为机车车辆的重要部件，踏面的擦伤是影响运行安全性、平稳性的
重要因素，所以车轮踏面故障的测量是铁路部门一直密切关注和不断研究改进
的课题。显然，对于不便拆卸与人工移动的铁道车轮，其测量工具主要还是便
携式仪器。本论文通过对轮对相关知识的了解及国内外轮对静态、动态检测技
术的深入了解，开发了一种新型的便携式踏面磨损检测装置，利用LVDT 位移传
感器测量参考点与踏面和轮缘之间的距离，并将与之相对应的电压值输出，再
通过相关的公式计算，得到对应的磨损值，这样可以方便及时的了解车轮的擦
伤状况。
本测量系统主要由接触式位移传感器、数据采集处理系统以及与计算机的
数据通讯系统三部分组成。其中位移传感器选用的是 LVDT 位移传感器，该传
感器线性好、重复性好，且能在较为恶劣的环境中工作。在实际检测过程中采
用传感器水平和垂直安装方式检测水平位移量和垂直位移量，该数据经过调理
电路送入系统芯片 ADuC812 进行数据处理，然后将处理结果显示并存储，最
终通过 USB 传输到 PC 机上。
实验表明：运用便携式火车轮磨损检测仪可以很方便、快捷的检测出踏面
和轮缘的磨损量，实验表明精度能够满足铁道部相关规定的标准。
关键词：火车轮、踏面磨损、测量、便携式
I
Portable Wheel Irregularities Detection Device
Abstract
The Problem that how to measure the fault of the tread profile is concerned all
along and perpetual studied and improved. That is because the irregularities of
tread profile are the key factor of influencing the safety，,the
best measuring equipment is portable instrument because the train wheel is hard to
move or tear , wheelset knowledge related to the research was
introduced. After a deep study of various inspection techniques, I empolder a new
on- line measurement equipment of tread irregularities. It makes use of LVDT
movement sensor which capture the distance between the tread profile and
reference point，also we can get the voltage which corresponds to the distance，then
by the corresponding expressions，we can get the abrasion value of the tread
irregularities，so we can realize the abrasion conditions of the wheel in time.
The three main parts of the system are contacting displacement sensor, data
collecting and processing system, computer and data communication system. The
LVDT movement