文档介绍：REVIEWS
THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
OF SLEEP: NEURONAL SYSTEMS,
CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEARNING
J. Allan Hobson and Edward F. Pace-Schott
Sleep can be addressed across the entire hierarchy of anization. We discuss
work and regional forebrain activity during sleep, and its consequences for
consciousness and cognition. Complex interactions in thalamocortical circuits maintain the
electroencephalographic oscillations of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Functional
neuroimaging affords views of the human brain in both NREM and REM sleep, and has informed
new concepts of the neural basis of dreaming during REM sleep — a state that is characterized by
illogic, hallucinosis and pared with waking. Replay of waking neuronal activity
during sleep in the rodent hippocampus and in functional images of human brains indicates
possible roles for sleep in neuroplasticity. Different forms and stages of learning and memory might
benefit from different stages of sleep and be subserved by different forebrain regions.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS Can the neurobiology of sleep help us to understand keen interest in the electrophysiology and functional
Biological rhythms of the neural basis of conscious experience? Does sleep significance of the brain-activated REM sleep state,
physiology and behaviour that have consequences for cognitive functions such as given that it supports the greatest frequency and inten-
have a 24-h periodicity, which learning and memory? We have recently reviewed the sity of dreaming, and its EEG bears a marked similarity
have evolved in response to the
2,3
24-h astronomical cycle to ic, cellular and subcortical mechanisms that con- to that of waking . In recent years, NREM sleep has
which anisms are trol the CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS of sleeping and waking, as been increasingly investigated in terms of its underlying
exposed. well as the ULTRADIAN regularity of alternating rapid eye electrophysiology4,5, its panying subjective experi-
movement