文档介绍：开链运动与闭链运动
目录
概念
比较
在康复中的应用
运动特点
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总结
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运动链
人体若干环节借助关节按一定顺序衔接起来,称运动链。在人体上,上肢由肩带、上臂、肘关节、前臂、腕关节、手等形成上肢运动链;下肢由髋关节、大腿、膝关节、小腿、踝关节、足等形成下肢运动链。
人们通常将一侧上下肢视为一条长链，每个关节均为链扣。
In open kinetic chain (OKC) exercise, the terminal segment of the extremity moves freely without any external resistance. The sequential activation of muscles in OKC exercise from proximal to distal allows rapid acceleration and speed of the distal segment. In closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise, the distal segment of the extremity is fixed, and proximal motion
takes place in multiple planes.
A common error in developing an exercise program is failure to assess the proximal and distal segments of the entire extremity, or kinetic chain. A kinematic chain is a series of interrelated joints that constitute a complex motor unit, constructed so that motion at one joint will produce motion at the other joints in a predictable manner. Whereas kinematics describes the appearance of motion, kinetics involves the forces, whether internal (., muscle contractions or connective tissue restraints) or external (., gravity, inertia, or segmental masses) that affect motion. Initially, a closed kinetic chain (CKC) was characterized as the distal segment of the extremity in an erect, weight-bearing position, such as the lower extremity when a person is weight bearing. Subsequently, when the distal segment of the extremity is free to move without causing motion at another joint, such as when non-weight bearing, the system was referred to as an open kinetic chain (OKC). When force is applied, the distal segment may function independently or in unison with the other joints. Movements of the more proximal joints are affected by OKC and CKC positions. For example, the rotational components of the ankle, knee, and hip reverse direction when moving from an OKC to CKC position.
Because of incongruities between the lower and upper extremity, particularly in the sho