文档介绍:英语倒装
倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
例如:The teacher came in and the class began.(没有倒装)
In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。)
2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)
3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装
5)在强调状语时1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词,谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如:
1 Up went the plane.
2 In came the chairman and the meeting began.
注:如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如:
1 Out they rushed!
2 Lower and lower he bent.
(2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,句子须倒装。例如:
1 Round the corner walked a large policeman.
2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
3 当句首状语由“only +副词”,“only +介词词组”,“only +状语从句”构成时,句子须倒装。例如:
1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不属于完全倒装)
2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
(6)当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时,句子须倒装,主语是代词时,句子不用倒装。例如:
1)Here is a ticket for you.
2)Now comes your turn.
3)Here he comes.
(7)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中,句子须倒装。例如:
1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
注:在该结构中,“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。
.在直接引语之后
在叙事性书面语中,直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些
词语中,动词常的主语之前,主语是代词时,不用倒装。例如:
1)“What do you mean?” asked Henry.
2)“What do you mean?” he asked.
. often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时
例如:Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance.