文档介绍：Abstract ? Abstract Type ? Abstract Structure ? Suggestion for Writing Abstract ? Descriptive Abstract – Only basic content of the paper, not enough detail information ?? Informative Abstract Informative Abstract –– A condensed report of the paper. A condensed report of the paper. –– Key points and most important detail Key points and most important detail information of the paper. information of the paper. ?? Descriptive + Informative Abstract Descriptive + Informative Abstract –– Most abstracts are both descriptive and Most abstracts are both descriptive and informative. informative. Abstract Type ? Descriptive Abstract – Pros: Short, Concise, Easy to write – Cons: Less information ?? Informative Abstract Informative Abstract –– Pros: More information Pros: More information –– Cons: Long, Difficult to write Cons: Long, Difficult to write ?? Descriptive + Informative Abstract Descriptive + Informative Abstract –– Notice the balance between concision and Notice the balance between concision and details. details. ? Paper oriented abstract – Focus on ‘ paper ’?? Research oriented abstract Research oriented abstract –– Focus on Focus on ‘‘ research research ’’? ? ? ? ? or Results ? or Inference (Evaluation) ? ? structure Abstract Structure ? : –– Not necessary, especially in short abstract. Not necessary, especially in short abstract. –– Present tense Present tense in most case. in most case. –– Present perfect Present perfect tense tense for research trend. for research trend. ?? . . …… has been the universal choice to analyze has been the universal choice to analyze ……? : –– General General problem problem –– Specific Specific problem problem –– Present tense Present tense in most case. in most case. ? : –– Purpose, aim, objective Purpose, aim, objective ––(1) Paper oriented ( (1) Paper oriented ( present tense presen