GER-History.pdf

文档介绍：The Making of the Modern
German State
I. Themes of German History
II. Unification and Empire
III. Weimar and Nazi Era
IV. Establishment of
the Federal Republic
V. Reunification
I. Themes of German History
„ Type of Government
„ Unification of Germany People in
German State
„ Role of Germany in Europe
„ Grappling with the Past in the Present
„ First two settled; last two still open
II. Unification and Empire
„ 1815: 39 German states
„ Prussia (Hohenzollern Monarchy)
„ Austria (Habsburg Monarchy)
„ Bismarck and Wars of Unification
„ Denmark (1864); Austria (1866); France (1870)
„ German Empire (Second Reich -1871-1918)
„ Junkers and ‘Marriage of Iron and Rye’
„ ‘Authoritarian Democracy’ and Nationalism
„ World War I and Collapse
Bismarck’s Empire
The Weimar Republic
(1918-1933)
„ “A Republic without
Republicans”
„ The “Stab in the Back” Myth
„ Reparations and
Hyperinflation (1923)
„ Ideological Division
Germany 1923
„ Depression and the Rise Papering the wall
with worthless
of the Nazis (NSDAP) Reichsmarks
The Nazi Era
(1933-1945)
„ Establishment of
Dictatorship
„ Centralization of
Authority
„ Oppression of Jews
„ Rejection of Versailles
„ Aggression and War
Nazi Oppression of the Jews
Macht Frei
„ Kristallnacht (8 Nov „ Gates of Auschwitz (Arbeit
1938) – Work Makes
You Free)
Farthest Axis Advance (Sep. 1942)
Results of the Nazi Era
„ Defeat
„ Destruction
„ Division into
East and
West
Munich 1945
IV. Establishment of the Federal
Republic
„ Occupation and disagreement over German
reconstruction
„ July 1948: Military governors “mended”
Premiers draft a constitution
„ Elites: fear permanent division (hence ‘Basic Law’)
„ Average German focused on survival; rejected politics
„ German Democratic Republic (DDR) in East
„ Berlin Wall 1961