文档介绍：植物进化
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植物和昆虫在***防御生物合成中的趋同进化
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汇报内容
一研究背景意义 --THE MEANING OF THE STUDY
二研究思路 --HOW TO STUDY？
三技术与方法--WHAT HAVE BEEN DONE
四结果与讨论—RESULTS&DISCUSSION
五总结与分享—SOMETHING WANT TO SHARE
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一研究背景意义
趋同进化：不同的生物，甚至在进化上相距甚远的生物，如果生活在条件相同的环境中，在同样选择压的作用下，有可能产生功能相同或十分相似的形态结构，以适应相同的条件。此种现象称为趋同进化
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一研究背景意义
For more than 420 million years, plants, insects and their predators have co-evolved based on a chemical arms race including deployment of refined chemical defence systems by each player. Cyanogenic glucosides are produced by numerous plants and by some specialized insects and serve an important role as defence compounds in these intimate interactions. Burnet moth larvae are able to sequester cyanogenic glucosides from their food plant as well as to carry out de novo biosynthesis.
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一研究背景意义
Here we show that three genes (CYP405A2, CYP332A3 and UGT33A1) encode the entire biosynthetic pathway of cyanogenic glucosides in the Burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae. In both plants and insects, convergent evolution has led to two multifunctional P450 enzymes each catalysing unusual reactions and a glucosyl-transferase acting in sequence to catalyse cyanogenic glucoside formation. Thus, plants and insects have independently found a way to package a cyanide time bomb to fend off herbivores and predators.
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二研究思路
1、Cyanogenoc glucosides（生***糖苷）在很多植物和一些特定的昆虫中都有着很重要的防御和合成作用
2、Burnet moth（蛾）幼虫可以抵抗它们的所食植里面产生的生***糖苷（CG），而且这些昆虫可以自己重新合成生***糖（CG）。
3、通过研究六星灯蛾（Zygaena filipendulae）发现了以下三种基因： CYP405A2, CYP332A3 and UGT33A1编码出了CG的生物合成途径。不论是在植物中还是在昆虫中，所有的合成途径都是由两种多功能酶(P450)和UGTs共同完成的。
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二研究思路
The two cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin present in Zygaena species as well as in their food plant Lotus corniculatus
two cytochromes P450 (P450) and a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)1–5. Both P450s are multifunctional and catalyse unusual reactions.
The first P450 catalyses two consecutive amino (N)-hydroxyl