文档介绍：2010考研英语强化阅读理解讲义
主讲:唐静
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阅读理解全真试题(1996—2009年)
第一部分英译汉全真试题(1996-2009年)
Passage1
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 71) Some of these causes pletely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine tomb kept in functional order. 73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good " as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to e confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74) However, the world is