文档介绍：1虚拟语气 2什么是虚拟语气?语气分陈述语气、祁使语气、虚拟语气?虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。③ May you eed! 祝您成功! 3 一在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。?表示对现在情况的虚拟: wish + 主语 + 动词过去式或 were ?表示对过去情况的虚拟: wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词或 would, could, might+ 现在完成时?表示对将来情况的虚拟: wish + 主语 + would + 动词原形。 4 1. 对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反): wish + 主语 + 动词过去式或 were (1 )I wish (that 可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question. (2 )I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. (3 ) I wish I were a bird. (4 ) Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese. (5 ) When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us. 5 (和过去的事实相反): wish + 主语 + had done 或 would/ could/ might+ have done (1) I wish (that 可省略)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) (2) He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) (3)We wished he had spoken to us. ( 事实上他并没同我们讲) (4)I wish you had called earlier. ( 事实上已迟了) 例题分析: I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up e to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 选A Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study 答案为 C。表示过去没有实现的愿望,动词用过去完成时. 6 3. 对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): wish + 主语 + would + 动词原形(1)I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) (2) I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) (3) You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) (4)I wish she would change her mind. 我希望她会改变主意。(女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) 7 二在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“ that ”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“ should+ 动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“ should ”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有: ?表示“要求”的: ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg ?表示“提议、劝告、建议”的: move, propose, suggest, mend, advise, vote ?表示“决定、命令”的: decide, order ?表示“主张”的: maintain,