文档介绍：Unit 7. How to Write an Abstract Contents 1 1 What is an abstract? 2 2 Why are abstracts so important? 3 The structure of an abstract 4 4 Text as a source Tense and voice in writing an abstract Tense and voice in writing an abstract 5 Different forms of abstract Different forms of abstract 6 Translating an abstract Translating an abstract 7 ? An abstract is a condensed version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major points covered, concisely describes the content and scope of the writing, and reviews the writing's contents in abbreviated form . ? It tells the reader What you set out to do, and Why you did it, How you did it, What you found (mendations) 1. What is an abstract? 1. What is an abstract? Different abstracts ? Informative abstract 报道性摘要也称为信息性摘要或资料性摘要,其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文。? Indicative abstract 指示性摘要即说明性摘要、描述性摘要(descriptive abstract) 或论点摘要(topic abstract) , 一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题,而不涉及论据和结论,多用于综述、会议报告等。该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文。■ Informative- indicative abstract 报道-指示性摘要以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分,以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。传统的摘要多为一段式,在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction) ,材料与方法(Materials and Methods) ,结果(Results) 和讨论(Discussion) 等主要方面,即 IMRAD ((Introduction ,Methods , Results and Discussion) 结构的写作模式。? Structured Abstract 结构式摘要 20世纪 80年代中期出现,该摘要实质上是报道性摘要的结构化表达。 Why are abstracts so important? ? View 1. convenient for retrieving information ? An abstract within key words is vital because of today's electronic information retrieval systems. Titles and abstracts are filed electronically, and key words are put in electronic storage. ? When people search for information, they enter key words related to the subject, and puter prints out the titles of articles, papers, and reports containing those key words. ? Thus, an abstract must contain key words about what is essential in an article, paper, or report so that someone else can retrieve information from it.