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Journal of the European Ceramic Society 31 (2011) 2543–2550
Inkjet printing ceramics: From drops to solid
B. DerbySchool of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UKAvailable online 16 February 2011
Abstract
Inkjet printing is a powerful microfabrication tool that has been applied to the manufacture of ceramic ponents. To successfully fabricate ceramic objects a number of conditions must be satisfied concerning fluid properties and drop placement accuracy. It has been proposed that fluids are printable within the bounds 1 < Z < 10 (where Z is the inverse of the Ohnesorge number) and these limits are shown to be consistent with ceramic suspensions delivered bypiezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printers. The physical processes that occur during drop impact and spreading are reviewed and these are shown to define the minimum feature size attainable for a given printed drop diameter. Finally the defects that can occur during the drying of printed drops are reviewed (coffee staining) and mechanisms and methodologies to reduce this phenomenon are discussed.
Keywords: Inkjet printing; Shaping; Drying; Suspensions
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1. Introduction
Inkjet printing has major mercial applications in graph-ics output and other conventional printing operations. However, there has been developing interest in using inkjet printing to manufacture ponents with applications for: displays,1 plas-tic electronics,2 rapid prototyping,3 tissue engineering,4 and ceramic ponent A significant and fundamen-tal difference between these new applications and the more widespread application of printing text or images is the behaiour of the printed ink droplets on the printed substrate. Most images are constructed by the deposition of discrete droplets and, in order to optimise resolution and contrast, these droplets are iso-lated and do not contact each other. In contrast, many of the new applications