文档介绍：CHAPTER 7
Managing Change
and Innovation
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Learning Objectives (1)
Describe what change variables are within a manager’s control.
Identify external and internal forces for change.
Explain how managers can serve as change agents.
Contrast the “calm water” and “white-water rapids” metaphors for change.
Explain why people are likely to resist change.
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Learning objective(2)
Describe techniques for reducing resistance to change.
Identify what is meant by the anization development and specify four popular OD techniques.
Explain the causes and symptoms of stress.
Differentiate between creativity and innovation.
Explain anizations can stimulate innovation.
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Technology
Work Process
Work method
Equipment
What Is Change?
People
Attitudes
Expectations
Perceptions
Behavior
Structure
Authority relationships
Coordinating mechanisms
Job redesign
Spans of control
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Forces for Change(1)
External Forces
Marketplace (ex:Domino’s VS. Pizza Hut)
Government laws & Regulations (ex: disability)
Technology (ex: merce)
Economic changes
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Forces for Change(2)
Internal Forces
Strategy Changes (ex:IBM)
Introducing New anization workforce (ex: Promotion)
Compensation & benefits systems
Employee attitudes
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How Can a Manager Serve As a Change Agent
Change agent:People who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing a change in anization.
Non-manager can be the change agent
An internal specialist
Outside consultants
objective perspective
Inadequate understanding: history, culture, personnel, operating procedures, execution result.
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Change Process View (1) “calm waters” Metaphor
Kurt Lewin’s three-step change process
Unfreezing
Status quo(1)
Changing
Refreezing
Status quo(2)
Driving forces ↑
Restraining forces↓
Equilibrium s