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摘要
变速器用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速,是汽车总成部件中的重要组成部分,是主要的传动系统。变速器的结构要求对汽车的动力性、燃料经济性、换档操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动平稳性与效率等都有直接的影响。
三轴式变速器由于具有体积小、原理简单、工作可靠、操纵方便等优点,故在大多数汽车中广泛应用。本文设计研究了三轴式五档手动变速器,其目的主要是基于对机械原理、机械设计、AutoCAD等知识的熟练运用和掌握,同时运用汽车构造、汽车设计、材料力学、互换性测量等学科知识,对三轴式变速器的各部件进行设计,并利用AutoCAD软件绘制装配图和零件图等六项内容。首先,本文将概述变速器的现状和发展趋势,介绍变速器领域的最新发展状况。其次,对工作原理做了阐述,对不同的变速器传动方案进行比较,选择合理的结构方案进行设计。再次,对变速器的各档齿轮和轴以及轴承做了详细的设计计算,并进行了受力分析、强度和刚度校核计算,并为为这些元件选择合适的工程材料及热处理方法。对一些标准件进行了选型以及变速器的传动方案设计。简单讲述了变速器中各部件材料的选择。最后,本文将对变速器换档过程中的重要部件—同步器以及操纵机构进行阐述,讲述同步器的类型、工作原理、选择方法以及重要参数。
关键词:变速器;传动比;轴;齿轮;设计计算;校核
ABSTRACT
Transmission to change the engine reached on the driving wheel torque and speed, Automotive transmission parts in the automobile assembly of an important part of the main drive system. Transmission of the power structure of the vehicle, economy, manipulation of the reliability and portability, the smooth drive and have a direct impact on efficiency.
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Three-shaft transmission is widely used most vehicle for its particular advantages ,such as small dimension ,simply theory ,good stability, conveniently operation .This design study of the three-axis 5-speed manual transmission, the purpose is based on the skillful of using mechanic theory ,mechanic design, AutoCAD. Meanwhile, my paper is incorporated structure of vehicle, design of vehicle, mechanic of materials, and survey of interchangeability. I will design the parts of three-shaft transmission, and using Auto CAD software, drawing assembly drawings and parts diagrams of five elements. At the same time the use of vehicle construction, automotive design, material mechanics, interchangeability of measurement knowledge of the subjects on the three-axis gearbox design file first, I will give a summary of the current situation and the tendency of development of the vehicle transmission, and introduce the latest development state in the field of the second, I pare the transmitting scheme of different transmission,