文档介绍：战略管理Strategic Management
公共管理学院城市管理系
2003年9月
第三讲战略匹配 Strategic Match
内外条件的分类 Classification of Internal and External Conditions
优势Strengths: petitive advantage+stable and healthy internal atmosphere(稳定、健康的条件).
弱势Weaknesses: petitive disadvantages+an unstable and unhealthy internal atmosphere(不稳定的内部条件)
一、优势和弱势Strengths and Weaknesses
1. 优势Strengths
(1) petency (leverage): product design, low cost, high efficiency, leadership in product innovation, ability to influence legislation, control of cost and other, massive availability of capital, CRM-customer relations management.
Examples: Toyota—quality; Benz—image, IBM—service; Coca Cola—international brand recognition; HP—innovation; AT&T—technological expertise.
开发Developing a petency
利用Exploiting petency
保护Protecting petency
1. 优势 Strengths
(2)稳定器 stabilizers: maintenance strength
Fair wages and salaries; good working conditions;efficient employee hiring practices, promotion from within, a clear sense of mission, efficient work flow, availability of executive training program, effective superior-munication.
组织正常运作的必要条件。
2. 弱势 Weaknesses
(1) 下沉者 Sinkers
关键点出现大问题,灾难来临。
large hole in the ship structure
Shoddy workmanship or defective merchandise; poor customer service; bad location; disloyal employees, lack of product innovation, poor credit line; lack of leadership and managerial skills at the corporate level.
(2) 动荡者Destabilizers 保证顺利航行
内部权责不清Lack of clear job descriptions, wide span of supervision, deviation from pany’s policy of promotion from within; poor working condition; inadequate executive training program.
3、如何判断优势和弱势?
1、历史的标准 Historical Criterion
特定条件下,将现在与过去的绩效进行比较。
2、petitive Criterion
和第一名相比,处于何种地位。
3、名义的标准 Normative Criterion
“How things ought to be” instead of with “how things are”
与最新的理论研究成果相比。
二、机会和威胁 Opportunities and Threats
1. 机会 Opportunities
市场增长等Growth of customer; exit petitor; increases of suppliers, abundances of labor; few government regulations, population growth, cultural c