文档介绍:关于英语语法基础
第一页,本课件共有44页
名词的数
名词复数的规则变化:
1)一般情况下加-s如,books,desks等
2)以s,x,z,sh,ch等结尾的名词,通常加-es,bus~buses,box~boxes,dish~dishes等
3)以y结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y改为i再加-es:city~cities;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:toy~toys,holiday~holidays.
注:以ch结尾的名词,若ch读音为【tf】时,则加-es,若为【k】时就直接加-s,如stomachs;
以y结尾的专有名词,直接加-s变复数;
以o结尾的名词,有些加-es,有些加-s,加-es主要有以下4个,tomato,potato,hero,Negro黑人;zero则皆可;
以f或fe结尾的名词,有两种可能,即有些直接加-s,有些则把f改为v再加es,如,roofs,knives,后者现有有10个,wife,life,knife,leaf,thief,half,self,shelf,loaf,wolf
第二页,本课件共有44页
单数复数同形的名词
Sheep fish(加-es时表示种类) deer Chinese mesas works
名词复数的不规则变化
man~men woman~women child~children
tooth~teeth foot~feet gooes~geese
Mouse~mice ox~oxen
复数形式的固定结构
consider one’s feelings
make friends with 与某人交朋友
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
make repairs 修理
make matters better使情况好转
第三页,本课件共有44页
第二章冠词
分类:不定冠词,定冠词,零冠词
冠词的位置:
1、不定冠词的位置A)若遇上such,what,many,half等词,不定冠词位于其后,如:
He is not such a fool as he looks.
He published many a novel.
B)若修饰名词的形容词受as,so,too,how,however,enough等副词的修饰,则不定冠词放在形容词之后,如:
She is as good a cook as her mother.
It is too difficult a test for us beginners.
He didn’t kown how great a mistake he had made.
C)quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词位于其后,但若rather,quite前有形容词修饰,则不定冠词置于前后均可,如:
第四页,本课件共有44页
It was rather a disaster.He is rather an unplearant person.=He is a rather unpleasant person.
2,定冠词的位置
通常位于名词或名词修饰语之前,但若遇上all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词的时候,定冠词置于其中。如:
All the invitations must be sent out today.
They are twice the size of eggs.
I bought double the amout of milk.
不定冠词的用法
A)表示泛指或类别
即泛指某类人或物中的任何一个,或笼统指某类中的某一个,但又不具体说哪一个。如:
第五页,本课件共有44页
A plane is a machine that can fly.
B)表示数量一
C)表示序数的增加,即用于序数前表示序数的递增。
Soon we saw a second plane .Then a third and a forth.
D)用于不可数名词前,使得其具体化
A coffee,please.
It is a pleasure to talk with you.
A Mr Smith wants to see you.
F)用于动作名词前,表示“一次”“一番”等意,如
I must have a wish first.
He agreed to give it a try.
G)其他用法,用于most前表“很,非常”;用于本身不带冠词但由于受形容词修饰而带冠词的情形,如
She is a most my