文档介绍：初中英语语法初中英语语法第一章词类与句子的? : ?“是,情,助”,移向前,主语让步往后缩,现在过去 do 来变,谓语只把原形现,最后莫忘问号点。? : ?一代(用疑问词代替划线部分) ?二移(把疑问词移至句首) ?三倒(颠倒主谓语,但对主语提问时除外) ?四抄(照抄其他部分) 第二章构词法?可总结为: ?构词方法有多种,转化就是词类变,派生要加前后缀,合成方法也常见,单词多加变新意;长词难记可截短,掐头去尾成混合,有时还见缩写词。第三章名词?名词复数( The plural ) ?一般词尾加 s,〔 s,∫〕之后 es ,辅音+y 变i, -es 莫忘还加上。?部分名词复数的规则变化?1)以 o结尾的名词变复数。? a. 加s。如: photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios ? zoo-zoos ? b. 加 es 。如: potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes ?巧记以-o结尾加-es 的词,或总结为一句话: ?黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes. ? c. 均可。如: zero-zeros/zeroes ?2)以 f或 fe结尾的名词变复数。?记住 f(e)结尾的名词: ?妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌; ?半片树叶遮目光,躲在架后己命保。? knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives ? life-lives thief-thieves shelf-shelves ?不变的为: ? belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs ?巧记单数变复数时不同形的名词: ?男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠孩子加虱婆。? man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth- teeth ; ? goose-geese mouse-mice louse-lice child- children ?同形的有: ?中日人民爱护羊,鹿鱼单复都一样。? sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish Japanese- Japanese ? Chinese-Chinese 第四章限定词?限定词分前中后,倍数分数是前位,冠词算是中位词,还有指代和物代;基数序数相关词,都作后位限定词。前位中位只一个,后位可以有多个。?三类限定词的搭配顺序为: ?前位——中位——后位。冠词( Article ) ?1)定冠词的用法。?特指都熟悉,上文已提及; ?世上独无二,序数最高级; ?普通变成专用名,方位 only 弹乐器。?零冠词的用法。?专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭; ?复数名词表泛指,节日星期月份前; ?颜色语种和重复,称呼****语加头衔。第五章代词?注意事项?(1)当人称代词在分裂句中作中心成分时,常用作主格。? It is he who did it. ?但在非正式语体中也可用宾格。? It is me that did it. ?(2)当句子主语为“ everybody/nobody+but/except+ 人称代词”的结构时,只要出现在主语位置常用主格。? Nobody but she can solve our problem. 只有她能解决我们的问题。? Everybody except he agreed to the idea. 除他之外每个人都同意这个主意。?但若主语被分隔而此短语出现在句尾时,则用宾格。? Nobody but she can solve our problem but her . ? Everybody except he agreed to the idea except him . ?用作句子宾语时,只能用宾格。? I interviewed everybody but him. 除他之外我请了每个人。?(3)当人称代词在句子中作宾语随后又有-ing 作补语,人称代词只能用宾语不用属格。? They caught him cheating on the exam. ( not his ) 他们抓着他在考试中***。?(4)在 anyone/no one but 之后可用第一二人称反身代词作主语,却不用第三人称反身代词。? Anyone but yourself would have noticed the change. 除你本人外大家都注意到了变化。? Nobody but myself noticed the