文档介绍：会计学
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西格玛应用(yìngyòng)
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Statistics — Overview
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What will be taught….
Tools to be taught
Parameter Estimation
Hypothesis Testing
ANOVA
Inferential Statistics
comprises those methods concerned with the analysis of a subset of data leading to predictions or inferences about the entire set of data
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Learning Objectives
What is a Probability Distribution?
Experiment, Sample Space, Event
Random Variable, Probability Functions (pmf, pdf, cdf)
Discrete Distributions
Binomial Distribution
Poisson Distribution
Continuous Distributions
Normal Distribution
Exponential Distribution
Sampling Distributions
Z Distribution
t Distribution
c2 Distribution
F Distribution
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As we progress from description of data towards inference of data, an important concept is the idea of a probability distribution.
To appreciate the notion of a probability distribution, we need to review various fundamental concepts related to it:
Experiment, Sample Space, Event
Random Variable
What is a Probability Distribution?
What do we mean by inference of data?
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Experiment
An experiment is any activity that generates a set of data, which may be numerical or not numerical.
What is a Probability Distribution?
{1, 2, .., 6}
(a)
Throwing a dice
Experiment generates numerical / discrete data
Pins
Stains
Reject
Accept
(b)
Inspecting for stain marks
Experiment generates attribute data
Pins
(c)
Measuring shaft Æ
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
……
Experiment generates continuous data
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Random Experiment
If we throw the dice again and again, or produce many shafts from the same process, the outcomes will generally be different, and cannot be predicted in advance with total certainty.
An experiment which can result in different outcomes, even though it is repeate