文档介绍：硕士学位论文
高中化学实验绿色化探索
专业、方向
:

申请学位类别
:
教育硕士
申请人
:
指导教师
二00七年四月
摘要
现行高中教材中的化学实验存在许多污染问题,不利于培养学生的环保意识,也对师生的身体健康造成危害。在人们的环境保护观念日益增强的今天,实现化学实验绿色化变得非常紧迫。
要实现中学化学实验绿色化,必须解决两个问题:一是培养学生绿色意识,二是改革高中化学实验,消除现行实验的污染。针对这两个问题,论文总结了培养学生绿色实验意识的重要性及其培养途径和方法,在反复试验的基础上,对教材中每个实验进行逐个研究,根据绿色化学原理提出了一套绿色实验设计方案,自行设计了一些实验装置,对现行教材中的实验装置进行了改进,解决了中学化学实验中的污染问题。
现行实验中产生的的有毒气体,只能用通风设备排入空气,设备昂贵而污染并不能消除。我们改进和自行设计的实验装置(毒气罩和组合试管等),能将有毒气体生成无毒物质,避免污染大气。这些绿色实验设计方案已在中学化学实验中使用,为中学化学教师提供了有益参考。通过对绿色实验设计方案的不断改进、优化,使实验装置更加安全可靠,切实可行。绿色实验设计方案的实施,有利于改善中学化学实验教学环境,增进学生的绿色化学和环境保护意识,提高全民的素质,实现社会的可持续发展。
关键词:高中化学实验,绿色化学实验,实验方案,实验探索
Abstract
Currently, lots of pollution problems exist in the experiments involved in senior middle school chemical courses, which give bad influences on cultivating students’ environmental protecting spirit and cause damage to the health of both teachers and students. Nowadays, environment protection has been deeply rooted in people’s conception and received intensive attention, thus it is imperative for us to construct environment amicable methods for chemical experiments.
In order to make the chemical experiments environment amicable, two problems need to be solved at first, one is cultivating the students with environmental protecting spirit and another is reforming the current chemical experiments of senior middle school to annihilate the pollutions caused by these experiments. This thesis summarized the significances and the methods of cultivating students with environmental protecting spirit, investigated chemical experiments of the text book based on the repeated experiments and proposed a series of environment amicable schemes according to the green-chemistry principles, in addition, some experimental devices were originally designed to improve the current experimental methods and finally eliminate the experimental pollutions.
Poison gases emitted from the current experiments can only be ventilated into atmosphere via laboratory venting equipments which cost