文档介绍：Contents
An asterisk indicates more advanced material that may be omitted on a first reading. A
dagger indicates material that is still a topic of research or that is not settled.
Preface page xix
Notation xxiv
Part I FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS 1
1 Equations of Motion 3
Time Derivatives for Fluids 3
Field and material viewpoints 3
The material derivative of a fluid property 4
Material derivative of a volume 6
The Mass Continuity Equation 7
An Eulerian derivation 7
Mass continuity via the material derivative 9
A general continuity equation 11
The Momentum Equation 11
Advection 12
The pressure force 12
Viscosity and diffusion 13
Hydrostatic balance 13
The Equation of State 14
Thermodynamic Relations 16
A few fundamentals 16
Various thermodynamic relations 18
Thermodynamic Equations for Fluids 22
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viii Contents
Thermodynamic equation for an ideal gas 23
* Thermodynamic equation for liquids 26
* More Thermodynamics of Liquids 31
Potential temperature, potential density and entropy 31
* Thermodynamic properties of seawater 33
Sound Waves 37
and pressible Flow 38
Constant density fluids 38
pressible flows 39
The Energy Budget 40
Constant density fluid 40
Variable density fluids 42
Viscous effects 43
An Introduction to Non-Dimensionalization and Scaling 43
The Reynolds number 44
2 Effects of Rotation and Stratification 51
Equations in a Rotating Frame 51
Rate of change of a vector 52
Velocity and acceleration in a rotating frame 53
Momentum equation in a rotating frame 54
Mass and tracer conservation in a rotating frame 54
Equations of Motion in Spherical Coordinates 55
* The centrifugal force and spherical coordinates 55
Some identities in sp