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病理生理学
病理生理学 (Pathophysiology) 第二章疾病概论
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疾病的相关概念
人民卫生出版社病理生理学
疾病(disease)
原始社会——疾病是鬼神作怪的结果
古印度医学——疾病是气、胆、痰三种“体液”的失衡
中国古代医学——疾病是阴阳五行的失调
古希腊医学家Hippocrates——疾病是由于来自心脏的血液、肝脏的黄胆汁、脾脏的黑胆汁和脑中的黏液四种元素的失衡所引起
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Hippocrates (460 BC–377 BC) established the fundamentals of anatomy, physiology, and pathology that served as the earliest knowledge for understanding health and disease
人民卫生出版社病理生理学
Hippocrates’s definition of “disease”
The disease occurred when the four humors became out of balance:
Blood from the heart
Yellow bile from the liver
Black bile from the spleen
Phlegm from the brain
Parallel in Chinese “Yin and Yang”
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人民卫生出版社病理生理学
Galen (129–199, AC): introduced experimentation into the study of healing
According to Galen, the body carried three kinds of blood that contained spirits charged by ans:
the veins carried “natural spirit” from the liver
the arteries, “vital spirit” from the lungs
the nerves, “animal spirit” from the brain
encyclopedia of anatomy and physiology
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Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564)
professor of anatomy and surgery at Padua, Italy. His published work, On the Structure of the Human Body, showing how the parts of the body looked and worked, set a new standard for the understanding of human anatomy
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William Harvey (1578–1657)
the English physician and physiologist, who in his book, On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (1628), provided a physiologic framework for the circulation of blood
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William Harvey’s most eminent patient, King Charles I, and the future King Charles II look on as Harvey displays a dissected deer heart
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The first ination(1796). Edward Jenner (1749–1823) conducted the first ination by injecting the fluid from a dairymaid’s cowpox lesion into a young boy’s arm. The boy developed cowpox but not smallpox
The 19th century was a time of major discoveries that paved the way for understanding infectious diseases
人民卫生出版社病理生理学