文档介绍：n Natriuretic Peptides and
their Receptors
Lincoln R. Potter
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Natriuretic peptides are an ancient family of hormones/para- a transmembrane serine protease, to a 98 residue amino-
crine factors that regulate blood pressure, cardiovascular terminal peptide and a 28 residue carboxyl-terminal
homeostasis, and bone growth. The mammalian family peptide. Both fragments circulate in the plasma and are
consists of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, elevated under conditions where vascular volume is
and C-type natriuretic peptide. All three peptides are derived increased, such as congestive heart failure. The carboxyl
from separate genes, but share mon 17-amino-acid terminal 28 amino-acid peptide is the mature biologi-
disulfide ring that is required for biological activity. A family of cally active form of ANP that mediates the known
three cell surface receptors mediates their cellular effects: two biological effects associated with the ANP gene
are receptor guanylyl cyclases, enzymes that catalyze the (Figure 1).
synthesis of the intracellular second messenger, cGMP, whereas The majority of ANP gene expression occurs in the
one is a decoy receptor that lacks enzymatic activity. In this cardiac atria, but there is low-level expression in extra-
article, the structure, function, and regulation of each hormone atrial tissues, ., central nervous system, adrenal gland,
and receptor are discussed. kidney, and ventricles. Expression in the latter tissue is
generally only observed in early life or during ventricular
hypertrophy. Hence, ANP mRNA expression has
e a universal marker for ventricular remodeling
Natriuretic Peptides that results from prolonged hypertension or other forms
of cardiovascular insult. Differential processing of ANP
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE in the kidney produces a variant containing four
The first natriuretic peptide to be identified was atrial additional a