文档介绍：Chapter 14—Framing Statistical Questions 193
CHAPTER
Framing Statistical
14 Questions
Introduction
Translating Scientific Questions Into Probabilistic And Statistical Questions
The Three Types of Questions
Illustrative Translations
The Steps In Statistical Inference
Summary
Introduction
Chapters 3-10 discussed problems in probability theory. That
is, we have been estimating the probability of posite
event resulting from a system in which we know the probabilities of
the simple events—the “parameters” of the situation.
Then Chapters 11-13 discussed the underlying philosophy of
statistical inference.
Now we turn to inferential-statistical problems. Up until now,
we have been estimating plex probabilities of known
universes—the topic of probability. Now as we turn to prob-
lems in statistics, we seek to learn the characteristics of an un-
known system—the basic probabilities of its simple events and
parameters. (Here we note again, however, that in the process
of dealing with them, all statistical-inferential problems even-
tually are converted into problems of pure probability). To as-
sess the characteristics of the system in such problems, we
employ the characteristics of the sample(s) that have been
drawn from it.
For further discussion on the distinction between inferential
statistics and probability theory, see Chapters 1-3.
This chapter begins the topic of hypothesis testing. The issue is:
whether to adjudge that a particular sample (or samples)
come(s) from a particular universe. A two-e yes-no uni-
verse is discussed first. Then we move on to “measured-data”
universes, which are plex than yes-no es be-
194 Resampling: The New Statistics
cause the variables can take on many values, and because we
ask somewhat plex questions about the relationships
of the samples to the universes. This topic is continued in sub-
sequent chapters.
In a typical hypothesis-testing problem presented in this chap-