文档介绍：本科毕业论文(设计)
外文翻译
原文:
Risk Management in BOT Projects
Risk management in BOT projects is studied, following the risk management framework, . risk identification, risk classification, risk analysis, risk attitude and risk response (or risk allocation).
identification in BOT projects
The risks of BOT projects can be identified in the following categories (Baker, 1986; cited in Nadeem, 1998): political risks; pletion risks; operating risks; finance risks and legal risks.
classification in BOT projects
There have been several types of risk classification. The following are some examples of them: Construction phase: completion delay, cost overrun, force majeure, political risk, infrastructure risk (referring to other facilities in petition with the BOT project in question). Operational phase: raw material supply, market, performance/technical, operation/maintenance, foreign exchange, other contingencies (Tiong, 1990b). Development phase: technology risk, credit risk, bid risk. Construction phase: completion risk, cost overrun risk, performance risk, political risk. Operating phase: performance risk, cost overrun risk, liability risk, equity resale risk, offtake risk (Beidleman et al., 1990): Global risks:– Political: government, technology.– Legal: framework, type of agreement.– Commercial: market, input, currency.– Environment: impact, ecological. Construction, design, Elemental risks:– Technical: physical conditions, training.– Financial: form of technology.– Operational: operation, maintenance, ownership, return, currency.– Revenue: demand, financing, evaluation, development (toll/tariff, Woodward et al., 1992).
There are some other classifications, some of which are: static or dynamic; fundamental or particular; government source or private source; speculative or pure; financial or non-financial; and measurable or immeasurable (
Charoenpornpatiana, 1998).
These classifications facilitate all the following steps of the risk management frame