文档介绍：关于癌基因抑癌基因与生长因子
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细胞的正常生长与增殖由两大类基因调控：
正调节信号 — 促进细胞生长和增殖，并阻止其发生终末分化。
负调控信号 — 抑制增殖, 促进分化、成熟和衰老，最后凋亡。
这两类
Madison, WI, USA
B: 1934
D: 1994
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Bishop和Varmus等人于1980年提出了癌基因假说，认为Rous鸡肉瘤病毒的致癌能力与病毒基因组的单个基因有关，即src基因。
src基因本是正常细胞基因组的一部分(原癌基因），被病毒“劫持”后，病毒则具有致癌能力。
原癌基因在正常细胞中的地位：调控细胞的分裂和生长。
肿瘤细胞中癌基因的变化：过分活跃或突变，使其编码产物改变。
Bishop和Varmus获1989年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989
The cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes
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J. Michael Bishop
USA
University of California
School Medicine
San Francisco, CA, USA
B: 1936
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Harold E. Varmus
USA
University of California
School of Medicine
San Francisco, CA, USA
B: 1939
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Press Release: The 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
NOBELFÖRSAMLINGEN KAROLINSKA INSTITUTETTHE NOBEL ASSEMBLY AT THE KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE
9 October 1989 The Nobel Assembly at Karlinska Institute has today decided to award
the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1989 jointly to J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmusfor their discovery of "the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes".
Press Release
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SummaryThe discovery awarded with this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine concerns the identification of a large family of genes
which control the normal growth and division of cells. Distur-
bances in one or some of these so-called oncogenes (Gk ónco
(s) Bulk , mass) can lead to transformation of a normal cell
into a tumor cell and result in cancer.Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus used an oncogenic
retrovirus to identify the growth-controlling oncogenes in
normal cells. In 1976 they published the remarkable conclusion
that the oncogene in the virus did not represent a true viral
gene but instead was a normal cellular gene, which the virus had
acquired during replication in the host cell and thereafter carried
along.
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Bishop's and Varmus' discovery of the cellular