文档介绍：市场失灵及其对策
several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. 形面积AFB表示；对于生产者来说，一方面，产量的增加使生产者剩余增加，其增加量由三角形面积FEB表示；另一方面，现在的价格低于以前的价格，生产者剩余又会减少，其减少量由矩形面积P1P0AF表示。最终生产者剩余的变动量为三角形面积FEB－矩形面积P1P0AF。社会福利的变动量等于消费者剩余的变动量与生产者剩余的变动量之和，即〔矩形面积P1P0AF＋三角形面积AFB〕＋〔三角形面积FEB－矩形面积P
several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the design value, then the vertical installation accurate. For example a, b, and c valueswhile on horizontal vertical errors for measurement, General in iron angle code bit at measurement level points grid errors, specific method is from baseline to methyl vertical box center line distance for a,, to b vertical box distance for b, list can measured1
several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the design value, then the vertical installation accurate. For example a, b, and c valueswhile on horizontal vertical errors for measurement, General in iron angle code bit at measurement level points grid errors, specific method is from baseline to methyl vertical box center line distance for a,, to b vertical box distance for b, list can measured3
several group number, then with b ± a, =c,c is is methyl b two vertical box between of accurate size. Per-2~3 measurement, such as proceeds of c values are equal and equal to the design value, then the vertical installation accurate. For example a, b, and c valueswhile on horizontal vertical errors for measurement, General in iron angle code bit at measurement level points grid errors, specific method is from baseline to methyl vertical box center line distance for a,, to b vertical box distance for b, list can measured
1P0AF〕＝〔三角形面积AFB＋三角形面积FEB〕。显然社会福利随着产量的增加而增加。反过来说，从竞争转向垄断，将减少社会福利。
Q
MC
P0
P1
A
B