文档介绍：第6讲虚拟语气
用来表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议、假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
(一)if主从句中的虚拟语气
【完成例句】
(1)如果我是你,我会接受邀请的。
If I were you, I should accept the invitation.
(2)如果我有空,我就去那儿。
If I had time, I would go there.
【结论1】
条件与现在事实相反
从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)
主句谓语用 would / should / could / might+动词原形
【完成例句】
(3)如果你早点来,你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If you e earlier, you couldn't / wouldn't have missed the bus.
(4)如果他昨天见到了你,他就会还你的书的。
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.
【结论2】
条件与过去事实相反
从句谓语用had done
主句谓语用would / should / could / might+have done
【完成例句】
(5)万一明天下雨,运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
If it should rain / were to rain / rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
(6)万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
If you dropped / should drop / were to drop the glass, it would break.
【结论3】
条件与将来
事实相反
从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)或should +动词原形/ were to do
主句谓语用would / should / could / might+动词原形
【疑难1】
含蓄虚拟句(即含有without / but for, otherwise / or等词的句子)
【例句观察】
Human beings would die without water. (=Human beings would die if there were no water. )
I couldn't have eeded but for your help. (=I couldn't have eeded if you hadn't helped me. )
I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book.
(=If I had had money then, I would have bought that book. )
【疑难剖析1】含有without / but for,otherwise / or等词的句子谓语结构等同于if主从句中主句的谓语结构。
与现在或将来事实相反
would / should / could / might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
would / should / could / might+have done