文档介绍：英语国家概况之美国
Chapter 14
Population, Race and Ethnic Groups

The United States of Ameri The first was between the end of the civil war and 1880 when the westward movement came to a halt. From densely-populated east coast to the sparsely-populated west.
The second was between 1890 and 1920, a period when the United States realized its industrialization and urbanization. Form
The third was from 1920 to 1960 with the 1940s, the war years, as the peak. A lot of black people moved out of the south to other areas.
The fourth and the last one so far is from the end of the 1960s till now. from the Northeast and Central to the West and the South.
The trend brings a number of serious consequences to big cities:
rising unemployment rate
increase of population beneath the poverty line
worsening of living conditions and the fall of city government income.
IV Racial and Ethnic Mirorities
Blacks
The largest of the racial and ethnic minorties in the . is the blacks about million, or per cent of the population.
In 1619 the first blackes were brought to North America as slaves.
A few decades some 400,000 Africans brought to North America.
They were concentrated in the agricultural South, and their life was no better than that of cattle Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels giving a vivid description of the miserable life of the black slaves.
the slave system was formally ended by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.
In 1954, the Supreme Court, in the case of Brown versus Board of Education, ruled that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. This started the slow process towards desegregation, and that is the end of separate public facilies.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 added protections for the right to vote, to use public facities and