文档介绍：第 1 页
如今完成时态
定义：
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对如今造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，始终持续到如今的动作或状态
如今完成时的构造
确定句：have/has+ done (过去分词)
否认句：主语+ha/start --- be on
finish --- be over
fall ill ---be ill
get up---be up
catch a cold --- have a cold
put on → wear
come/become/go --- be here
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)
get to know --- know
Join ----be a member of ...
(成为…的一员)
open ---be open
close ---be closed
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用相应的持续性动词交换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用如今完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段〞或“since＋时间点〞。如：
He has been in the Green China for three years.
He has been a member of the Green China for three years.
他参与“绿色中国〞已经三年了。
The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I have had the book for 5 days.
表示时间段的短语有:
for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。
如今完成时态与一般过去时态的区分
1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；如今完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对如今的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.〔强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。〕
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I have seen this film.〔强调对如今的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。〕
2一般过去时与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/...
In 2021, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ...
Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)
如今完成时常与recently〔近来〕，ever, never, twice, so far〔到目前为止〕, since，for，in the past/last few years , already〔确定句〕, yet〔否认，疑问句〕, just(刚刚), before〔以前〕连用。如今完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。
如今完成时可表示持续到如今的动作或状态，动词一般是持续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
比较since与for
since 后接时间点， for后接时间段，试比较：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born.
My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 与 have been in
have(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了〞，可以与ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来〞。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间〞，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等
He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海
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