文档介绍：进化博弈
Evolutionary Games
第13章
Chapter 13
进化博弈
Evolutionary Games
目前为止我们学过了具有多种不同特征的博弈:
We have so far studied games with many
different features:
同时和序贯博弈
Simultaneous and sequential moves
零和与非零和博弈
Zero-sum and non-zero-sum payoffs
操纵未来博弈规则的策略性行动
Strategic moves to manipulate rules of games to
come
一次性和重复博弈
One-shot and repeated play
许多人同时进行的集体博弈
Games of collective action in which a large number of
people play simultaneously
Slide 2
1
进化博弈
Evolutionary Games
所有这些博弈中的参与者都是理性的:每个参
与者……
All the players in all these games are
rational: each player……
……具有内在一致的价值体系
has an internally consistent value system
……能够计算其策略选择的后果
can calculate the consequences of her
strategic choices
……作出最符合其利益的选择
makes choice that best favors her interests
Slide 3
进化博弈
Evolutionary Games
对理性可能的替代方法可以从生物学的进化和进化动
力学中找到,在那里……
One possible alternative to rationality can be
found in the biological theory of evolution and
evolutionary dynamics, where……
……好的策略可以得到更多的奖励
good strategies will be rewarded with higher payoffs
……参与者可以观察或模仿成功者并试验新的策略
players can observe or imitate ess and
experiment with new strategies
……随着参与者在参加博弈中获得经验,好的策略将会得到
更经常的使用,坏的策略得到更少的使用。
good strategies will be used more often and bad
strategies less often, as players gain experience
playing the game.
Slide 4
2
内容提要
Outline
*框架 The framework (*重点或难点)
*囚徒困境 Prisoners’ dilemma
小鸡 Chicken
保证博弈 The assurance game
*不同物种间作用 Interactions across species
鹰鸽博弈 The hawk-dove game
*种群中有三种表现型 Three Phenotypes in the
Population
一般理论 Some General Theory
群体博弈(略) Playing the field
合作与利他的进化
Slide 5
框架
The Framework
生物学中的进化过程提供了社会科学家使用的
博弈论的平行物。
The process of evolution in biology
offers a parallel to the theory of games
used by social scientists.
这一理论建立在三个基本原则上:
This theory rests on three fundamentals:
异质性 Heterogeneity
适应性 Fitness
选择 Selection
Slide 6
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