文档介绍：ounting profit 会计利润: Total revenue minus total explicit cost A bility-to-pay principle 能力支付原则: The idea that taxes should be levied ona person according to how well that person can shoulder the burden A bsolute advantage 绝对优势: parison among producers ofa good according to their productivity A dverse selection 逆向选择: The tendency for the mix of unobserved attributes to e undesirable from the standpoint of an uninformed party A gent 代理人:A person who is performing an act for another person, called the principal A ggregate-demand curve: a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level A ggregate risk: risk that affects all economic actors at once A ggregate-supply curve: a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at each price level A ppreciation: an increase in the value ofa currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy A rrow ’s impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理:A mathematical result showing that, under certain assumed conditions, there is no scheme for aggregating individual preferences into a valid set of social preferences A verage fixed cost 平均固定成本: Fixed costs divided by the quantity of output A verage revenue 平均收益: Total revenue divided by the quantity sold A verage tax rate 平均税率: Total taxes paid divided by total e A verage total cost 平均总成本: Total cost divided by the quantity of output A verage variable cost 平均可变成本: Variable costs divided by the quantity of output A utomatic stabilizers: changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action B alance trade: a situation in which exports equal imports B enefits principle 受益原则: The idea that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services B ond: a certificate of indebtedness B udget constraint 预算约束: The limit on the consumption bundles that