文档介绍：Chapter 3
Negotiating a Topic
and
Narrowing down the Topic
Points to learn in this lecture
﹡How to negotiate a topic
﹡How to narrow down the research topic
﹡Principles of writing research topic
Negotiating a Topic
The subject areas for English majors researching are :
Language studies
Macro linguistics
Language teaching
Literary studies
Translation
Culture and language relation
Language studies:
ics and phonology; morphology; syntax; semantics; pragmatics; stylistics; etc.
Macro linguistics:
sociolinguistics; psycholinguistics; applied linguistics; etc.
Language teaching:
English teaching and learning, knowledge and skills, theories and practice, competence; models etc.
It includes all of the planned learning experiences in educational setting, such as teaching theories, approaches, methods, principles, teaching techniques and evaluation.
Literary studies:
British, American, Canadian, Australian literature, and parisons with Chinese literature
Not non-English countries’ literature
Not just Chinese literature
Translation:
theories and mechanics
written and oral interpretation
Culture and language relation
ideas and language representation
thought and writing
Ways to finding the topics
advisor assigns topics to his or her students
2. The students are encouraged to work out their
own topics
To negotiate a topic, the student must first locate a
good research subject, then resorts to one or a
combination of the following :
(1) following personal interests
(2) talking with other people
(3) brainstorming
(4) reading source materials.
Following Personal Interests
Interest is the best teacher
Therefore, the student should focus on what he or she interested in and would like to make further study on when deciding on a research topic.
If he or she is not interested in a topic, he or she may perform poorly.