文档介绍：张月孔国庆李霞邓卫东
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Grammar and usage
Verb-ed form
Verb-ed phrases
Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives
Verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) attribute(定语), predicative(表语) and plement(宾语补足语)
When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attributive clause. The verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie … etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time.
Verb-ed form
Please identify the parts of speech(词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences.
1) The handwritten notes are from jack.
2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.
3) A dark-haired man went into the room.
adjective
4)The cake was left untouched on the table.
5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage(船舶残骸).
adverb
The functions of verb-ed form
1. attribute(定语)
1)A single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.
We should drink boiled water.
We should drink water which has been boiled.
They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.
They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.
2) Generally speaking(一般说来), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen.
the escaped criminal 逃犯
past
the developed countries 发达国家
past
a widely used language
passive
the retired scientist
past
the highly praised scientist
passive
fallen leaves 落叶
past
the risen sun 升起的太阳
past
the exploited classes 被剥削阶级
passive
3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does.
The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
The firemen were trying t