文档介绍：Copernicus ’ Revolutionary Theory listening 1、 What is the centre of the solar system in Copernicus ’ s opinion? 2、 Whose theory has no link to Copernicus ’s? 3、 Fill in the chart. AC ⑴ worked on his theory (2) 1514 (3)1543 (4) died (5)published his theory 1、 Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion …尽管他极力想要忽略,但是他所有的计算结果无不指向一个相同的结论: lead to ( +n./ V.- ing ) = result in = bring about 导致区分: result from: 由……造成 1) lead sb. to do sth . 引导某人做某事 2) lead (sb./ sth .) in sth . (在…)领先 2、 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other s in the sky make sen se . 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 Only if : “只要,只有”,引导陈述语气的条件从句。 If only : “但愿”,引导虚拟语气的条件从句。虚拟:指的是没有发生的事,但是希望它可以发生, 带点后悔、希望的意思。 If only I were a millionaire. Compare 1) Only if you study hard will you pass the test. 2) If only I had worked harder. 只要你努力学****就会通过考试。要是我更认真学****就好了。 Only a few friends attend their wedding. Only in Guangzhou can you buy this kind of fruit. Only when he came back did I find out the truth. Observation 主语主语谓语谓语地点状语从句主句 Summary ( only if ) ?1、于句首的由 only 引导的结构不是充当状语,就不用倒装。?2、若由 only 引导的从句作状语,从句不需要倒装,主句才要倒装。 Summary (If only) 1、 if only 的中心词是 if,副词 only 只是强调 if 的语气;跟 if 一样,引导条件状语从句。 2、 if only 常常用于表达强烈的愿望或遗憾, 主要用在虚拟语气中,表示强烈的愿望和非真实的条件。 if only 相当于 as long as 。 3、 Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. 他的这个理论不能告诉任何人,因为即使他只暗示有这种想法,他都会受到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚。 would have done: 表对过去的某情况进行猜测/ 本来要做某事却因某原因未做 should have done: 本应该做却没做 should not have done: 本不应该做却做了 needn ’ t have done: 做了不必要做的事/ 没必要做某事 4、 So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. 所以在 1510 到 1514 年间,他(忙于)做研究,逐步修改他的理论,直到他感到完善了为止。 until: 直到,表示一种行为一直持续到某个时间, 用于肯定句中。 not … until: 直到…才, 表示到某一时间某行为才发生,用于否定句中。