文档介绍：第一讲
知识点
1. by asking the teacher for help 通过向老师求助 by 介词，意为“通过，靠”
By: ①通过…..方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to ：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 I mistook him for his 。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。
,join in,take part in
Join 指参加某党派、团体或参军等，并成为其中的一员。
He joined the army last year.
Join in 指参加某项活动，但多指正在进行的活动。
I hope you can join in the discussion.
Take part in指参加某项活动（比赛）并在活动中起一定的作用。
Did you take part in the sports meeting yesterday?
afraid of doing sth. / be afraid of being alone
be afraid to do
be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气
,talk,say,tell
Speak 强调开口说话、发言的动作，一般用作不及物动词，后跟某种语言作宾语时是及物动词
Talk 强调双方“交谈” ，一般用作不及物动词talk to /with sb.(about ) sth 同某人谈论某事
Say强调说话内容，通常用作及物动词，后接所说话的内容 say sth to sb 向某人说某事
Tell用作及物动词，后接双宾语或复合宾语 tell sb sth tell sb (not ) to do sth
也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well
Either ①放在否定句末表示“也”
②两者中的“任一”
③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则
trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦，困难
have trouble with sb ./sth 在对付某人/处理某事上有困难
be in trouble 处于苦恼、困境中
除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry. =My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident. 如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。
: adv. 代替，更换。
例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？ 我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？
It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。
Tom was ill, so I went ，所以换了我去。
instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换
例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.
We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
16.. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopp